2020 paving block making machine

2020 Interlocking Paving Block Making Machine

A mold is a component used to manufacture other components by molding techniques.

How a mold works

The mold contains a negative impression of the desired object’s shape. Liquid material is poured into it and allowed to cool, for metals, or dry, for clay, until it becomes solid. For metal objects, the mold material varies according to the object, its complexity, the metal being cast, the number of copies required and production cost. In pottery, molds form the decorated portion of a piece: the mold is placed on a wheel, and clay is pressed against its interior as it turns. Smooth portions are formed directly on the wheel, and the separate parts are then joined using slip.

The pattern or punch

Also called tooling or a pattern plate in foundry work, the pattern is the shape that leaves its impression in a mold and is reproduced in relief after casting. Patterns are also used to mold cores, which correspond to the hollow portions of the finished casting. 2020 Paving Block Making Machine | 2020 Paver Machine

In pottery, the tool that makes recessed impressions in molds for decoration is called a punch.

Types of molds

• Sand mold: Used only once. Suitable for all production scales, from individual pieces to large series, and all materials.
• Metal mold: Expensive to manufacture and maintain, used for large-series production of parts in light alloys, including aluminum, zamak and plastic.
• Flexible mold made of rubber, latex or silicone: Mainly used in artistic casting to faithfully reproduce objects without melting, or to take an impression.
• Fired-clay mold: Used to produce pottery or ceramics with molded decoration, especially terra sigillata.
• Wooden mold, such as a butter mold or a mold for brick making.
• Mold as a kitchen utensil.
• Making a sand mold

Standard sand mold with a horizontal parting line

• The lower flask (2) is filled with sand, which is compressed by the outer-face pattern plate (1).
• The upper flask (4), placed on the inner-face pattern plate (5), is filled with sand compacted by plate (3).
• Plate (3) is removed, a core is placed in the lower mold half, and flask (4) is positioned on flask (2), centered by locating pins. The assembled mold can then receive molten metal.
• After shakeout, the risers (7) are removed from the casting (8), which can then proceed to finishing.

Standard sand mold with a vertical parting line:

• There is no flask. The mold consists of two sand blocks compressed in a sealed chamber between two pattern plates. This is the principle of green-sand molding using the Disamatic process.
• Sand, resin and catalyst mold: Molds or shells are made on machines using sand that is injected between two pattern plates and then hardened by various systems.
• Sand hardened by heat from the pattern plates: the hot-box or Croning process.
• Sand hardened by the action of a gas: the Ashland process.

Making a metal mold

In foundry work, a metal mold resembles a sand mold apart from its material. Its main difficulty is cost, so it should be reserved for medium- and large-series production. Operation requires an injection press, a closely controlled mold cooling system to prevent thermal shock, a molten-metal feed system and a casting extraction system. 2020 Paving Block Making Machine | 2020 Paver Machine

The mold itself is made from special steel on copying machines, either manually with a pantograph, by copying a model, or by numerical control using a digitized drawing.

Other uses for molds

• In the glass industry, metal molds are used to manufacture everyday blown-glass objects such as bottles, drinking glasses and art objects.
• In the plastics industry, molds are used on injection molding machines to manufacture various everyday objects.
• Making a flexible mold
• Used particularly in artistic casting, the flexible mold is the least expensive option and can reproduce pieces with highly complex shapes. The best-known technique is lost-wax casting, commonly used to create and copy antique objects such as artistic bronzes.

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